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USB-C has about half the bandwidth a good GPU will need. USB4 can be up to 40GB/s and would be sufficient. At least in theory. USB4 2.0 can manage 80GB/s and would be faster than PCIe in theory.Ok and on mine it isn´t even a thunderbolt. SO I guess a clearly NO.
I wouldn't try it though, even if it has the bandwidth I would worry about the latency. You're not going to get lower latency than being on the bus inches from the CPU and RAM. For graphics even a millisecond is a long time.